You’re in a room with two doors. There’s a guard at each door. One door leads to your freedom, but behind the other door there is something (horrible) that will kill you. You’re told that one guard always tells the truth and the other guard always lies. You don’t know which guard is which. You are allowed to ask only one question to either of the guards to determine which door is safe.
What is your question?
If I asked what door lead to freedom, what door would the other guard point to? If you asked the truth-guard, the truth-guard would tell you that the liar-guard would point to the door that leads to death. If you asked the liar-guard, the liar-guard would tell you that the truth-guard would point to the door that leads to death. Therefore, no matter who you ask, both of them will direct you to the door that leads to death, so what you should do is pick the other one.
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